On this Page
Forcing datasets for CMIP7 are available. As a data user, here are the three key information sources you need (a much wider range of sources can be found on the Forcings Task Team page).
Documentation and dataset availability
To find an overview of all of the available CMIP7 Forcings datasets (see table below for a list of datasets and their providers), please visit the input4MIPs Read the Docs. This specifies the unique identifier of the datasets to use for CMIP7. The page also has links to further details for each dataset.
Discussion of dataset details
These discussions are all being captured on GitHub. Please go to these pages to read and engage in any discussions. The page has search functionality so you can find what you need. If you need, please feel free to open a new discussion, it is not an issue if it is a duplicate as the forcing task team members can always identify the duplication and close the discussion if needed.
Notifications of dataset releases
Notifications of new releases as data and accompanying documentation are made available. On each change to the controlled vocabularies repository, a new release will be made. If you ‘watch’ this repository’s releases, you will be notified every time there is a release. Each release will summarise the change from the previous release so you will never miss a data release (and will also be notified about updates to documentation and other things related to the forcings data).
How to watch a GitHub repository
On GitHub, in the top right, click on Watch, then “Custom” and select “Releases”, as in the video below.

CMIP7 DECK forcing data licensing
CMIP7 DECK forcings data should be licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) or No Rights Reserved (CC0) license. This is to enable open access to CMIP7 products.
Almost all data providers have complied with this in a way that is easily queriable. If you have doubts, please double check the license_id and license attributes in files’ global attributes or look at the pages which show this metadata:
DECK Datasets and their providers
| Historical forcing dataset | Dataset providers |
|---|---|
| Anthropogenic short-lived climate forcer (SLCF) and CO2 emissions | Rachel Hoesly, Steve Smith (PNNL, USA) |
| Open biomass burning emissions | Margreet van Marle (Deltares, NL), Guido van der Werf (Wageningen University, NL) |
| Land use | Louise Chini, George Hurtt (University of Maryland, USA) |
| Greenhouse gas historical concentrations | Zebedee Nicholls, Malte Meinshausen (Climate Resource, AU) |
| CO2 isotopes | Heather Graven (Imperial College, UK) |
| Stratospheric volcanic SO2 emissions and aerosol optical properties | Thomas Aubry (University of Oxford, UK) |
| Ozone concentrations | Michaela Hegglin (Jülich Forschungszentrum, DE), David Plummer (ECCC, CA) |
| Nitrogen deposition | |
| Solar | Bernd Funke (CSIC, ES) |
| AMIP sea surface and sea ice boundary forcing | Paul Durack (PCMDI/LLNL, USA) |
| Aerosol optical properties/MACv2-SP | Stephanie Fiedler (Heidelberg University, DE) |
| Population density | Dominik Paprotny (PIK, DE), Lawrence Hawker (University of Bristol/WorldPop, UK) |